United Bank of India (UBI) has played a crucial role in India's banking history since its founding in 1950, resulting from the merger of four banks based in Bengal. Headquartered in Kolkata, UBI hit numerous milestones until its 2020 merger with Punjab National Bank, becoming a key player in India's expansive banking network.

UBI was established against a backdrop where smaller banks faced financial difficulties. The foundational banks included Comilla Banking Corporation, Bengal Central Bank, Comilla Union Bank, and Hooghly Bank. This union created a resilient framework to address India's emerging banking needs, marked by strategic growth and stability.

Throughout its operation, United Bank of India focused primarily on **Eastern India** but progressively expanded throughout the nation. The 1969 nationalization effort was designed to protect the financial sector and enhance credit access for **agriculture**, small industries, and export businesses. This strategic move enabled UBI to exert substantial influence on India's economic policies and rural development.

In the 1970s and 1980s, UBI's growth continued with acquisitions such as _Hindustan Mercantile Bank_ and _Narang Bank of India_, fortifying its position in the banking industry. As technology progressed, UBI rolled out online and mobile banking solutions, including the _United Wallet_ and **UPI Bhim app**, to cater to changing customer expectations.

Despite its achievements, UBI faced challenges with **non-performing assets (NPAs)**, prompting significant steps for financial recovery and regulatory oversight. A 2014 **Deloitte** forensic audit uncovered flaws in NPA detection, reflecting broader issues across Indian banks.

In a decisive 2019 action by Finance Minister **Nirmala Sitharaman**, UBI merged with **Punjab National Bank** and **Oriental Bank of Commerce**, forming India's second-largest public sector bank as of April 1, 2020. This merger ushered in a new phase, focused on building a stronger, more competitive banking entity.

This consolidation, intended to streamline the banking sector, aimed at enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and harnessing economies of scale. The merger planned to leverage the combined strengths of the banks involved to effectively address national economic demands and boost global competitiveness.

United Bank of India has played a pivotal role in India's economic transformation, continually adapting to challenges and capitalizing on opportunities. Its legacy continues under Punjab National Bank, maintaining a tradition of trust, commitment to financial inclusion, and dedication to national service.